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comprehensive regulations regarding the activities, principals, elected personnel of political parties,
finances, funds, and withdrawal mechanisms were made to promote the full development of political
parties. By December 31, 2021, there were 112 political parties in total.

IV. Elections

1. Elections of Central-level Representatives, President, and Vice President
Following the adoption of the Constitution of the ROC, the first-term national assemblymen, legis-

lators, and Control Yuan members were elected in 1947. Subsequently, the retreat from the Mainland
made further balloting for these centrally elected representatives impossible. In order to cope with
such changes, the President established a series of rules and regulations. These rules included relevant
laws made in accordance with the authorization of the Temporary Provisions Effective during the Period

of National Mobilization for the Suppression of the Communist Rebellion. Elections of additional and
supplementary officials were conducted. In accordance with Constitutional Interpretation No. 261, all
of the first-term senior central-level representatives retired on December 31, 1991. The second term
national assemblymen were then elected in the same year in accordance with the Additional Articles of

the Constitution of the ROC. The second-term legislators were elected in 1992. Control Yuan members
were since then nominated by the President and had to be approved by the National Assembly. Based
on the Additional Articles of the Constitution of the ROC in April 2000, the National Assemblymen were
then elected on demand. According to the Additional Articles of the Constitution of the ROC in June

2005, the National Assembly was abolished and national assemblymen thus ceased to be elected. The
number of seats was reduced to 113, and legislators since then have served a term of four years and
are elected under a "single-district, two-vote system" (a mixture of the "Single-winner System" and the
"Two Votes System"). Elections of National Assemblymen and legislators are shown in Table 2-1.

To meet the requirements before the re-unification of the nation, according to the Additional Ar-
ticles of the Constitution of the ROC in August 1994, legislation was passed stating that the President
and Vice President must be elected by direct popular vote in the free area of the ROC starting from
the ninth term. See Table 2-2 for details.

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